Obstacle	Possible Solution
Lack of trust	Build relationships and trust through face to face meetings
Different cultures, vocabularies, frames of reference	Create common ground through education, discussion, publications, teaming, job rotation
Lack of time and meeting places, narrow idea of productive work	Establish times and places fro knowledge transfers: talk rooms, conference reports
Status and rewards go to knowledge owners	Evaluate performance and provide incentives based on sharing
Lack of absorptive capacity in recipients	Educate employees for flexibility, provide time for learning, hire for openness to ideas
Belief that knowledge is prerogative of particular groups, not invented here syndrome	Encourage nonhierarchical approach to knowledge, quality of ideas more important than status of source
Building empires	Focus on building communities which cut across organisational divisions
Individual work bias	Promote and reward work in teams and communities, and show how this gives better results
No time to share	Capturing and sharing knowledge needs to be seen as part of the job, not an add-on
Not invented here	Redefine "here", so "here" could mean "this community" or "this organisation", not just "this team’’.
Knowledge is power	Help people realise that sharing knowledge increases collective power, and that accessing the knowledge of others makes you more effective
Intolerance for mistakes or need for help	Accept and reward creative errors and collaboration, no loss of status from not knowing everything